ALP is produced by which tissues?

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Alkaline phosphatase in the blood comes from several tissues that actively form mineralized matrices or interface with ducts, so the main sources are liver, bone, intestines, and placenta. The liver contributes ALP from the bile duct epithelium, and its level in serum rises with bile flow obstruction or liver disease. Bone provides ALP from osteoblasts during bone formation and repair, so levels are high in growing children, during fractures, or in diseases with increased bone turnover. Intestinal ALP is produced by enterocytes in the gut lining and can add to serum levels, though it’s a smaller contributor compared with liver and bone in most adults. Placental ALP comes from placental trophoblasts and increases significantly during pregnancy, tapering off after delivery.

Tissues like brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue produce very little ALP that appears in serum, so they are not major sources of circulating alkaline phosphatase.