What does the ligamentum venosum separate?

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The ligamentum venosum is the fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus venosus, and on the liver’s visceral surface it sits in the fissure for the ligamentum venosum, separating the caudate lobe from the left lobe. That boundary is why this structure is described as dividing the left lobe from the caudate lobe.

Understanding this helps: the falciform ligament marks division of the liver on the diaphragmatic/anterior aspect, not the posterior visceral surface boundary; the caudate and quadrate lobes relate to other fissures and features on the visceral surface (the quadrate lobe lies near the gallbladder and porta hepatis). So the ligamentum venosum’s location specifically defines the border between the left lobe and the caudate lobe.